ADAILABAD

Adilabad district::

Adilabad District (Telugu:, Urdu: آدل آباد ضلع) is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is at Adilabad town. A famous Temple of the Goddess Saraswathi, the Hindu Goddess of Education, is located here in the town of Basara.

History and formation::

The Adilabad district was named after the ruler of Bijapur Sultanate, Ali Adil Shah. The district was for long not a homogeneous unit and its component parts were ruled at different periods by dynasties namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyani, Mughals, Bhosle Rajes of Nagpur and Asaf Jahis, besides the Gond Rajas of Sirpur and Chanda.

Originally this was a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur which was created in A.D. 1872 with Edlabad (Adilabad), Rajura and Sirpur as its constituent talukas. In 1905, an independent district with headquarters at Adilabad was formed.

Cities & Towns in Adilabad District::

Adilabad

Asifabad

Bellampalle

Boath

Chinnoor

Bhainsa

Kagaznagar

Kyathampalle

Lakshettipeta

Mancherial

Mandamarri

Nirmal

Utnoor

Geography::

The district is situated on the northern boundary of Andhra Pradesh, forming a border with the Yeotmal and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra on the north, east and western borders and Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh on the southern border. 19.67702°N 78.52993°E

The district occupies an area of 16,128 km2 and is the fifth largest in Andhra Pradesh, occupying 5.90 percent of the area in Andhra Pradesh. It is however the second largest district in the Telangana of the inhabited and 167 uninhabited village and 11 towns. Forest in the district covers 44.8 percent of the total area, whereas its famous trees, teak covers 58.49 percent of the whole forest. The district has population of 2079098 which accounts for 3.13% of the total population of the State.

The Sahyadri parvat or Satnala range traverses the district from the north-west to the south-east for about 281.5 kilometers. In this range the Mahbubghat is the highest peak.

The most important river that drains the district is the River Godavari. The Penganga River, Wardha and Pranahita also drain the region. The Kadam and the Peddavagu are tributaries of the Godavari. There are also streams like Satnala, Swarnavagu, and Suddavagu which drain the district. The Godavari which is the largest river in peninsular India raises in the Western Ghats and enters this district near Basara in Mudhole Taluk. This mighty river forms the southern boundary of the district separating it from Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts. The Penganga forms part of the northern boundary of the district in Adilabad, while the Wardha and the Pranahita from the northern and eastern boundaries of the district.

Demography::

Area of Adilabad district is 16,128 km².

Adilabad district has a population of 2,488,003 of which 660,017 (26.53%) is urban as of 2001.[1]

The increase in population during decennial ending 1991 over 1981 is 26.85%.

Males constitutes 1,250,958 and females 1,237,045 of the population.

The district has predominantly rural (73.52%) population.

Males outnumber females in the ratio 1000:980

The percentage of literate population (27.8%) is lower than the rest of the state (59.8%).

The density of population of the district is 129 persons per km2. as against the State average of 241 persons per km2.

Out of the total population of the district, 3.86 Lakhs persons are Scheduled Castes and 3.55 Lakhs persons are Scheduled Tribes forming 18.57% and 17.08% of the total population respectively. Most numerous among the Scheduled Tribes are the Raj Gonds.

The total number of workers are 9,34,335 constituting 44.93% of the total population as against the state average of 45.27%. Out of the total main workers, cultivators form 34.09% and agricultural laborers form 34.88%.

Main religions are Hindus 2,207,843, Muslims 236,844 (9.52%), and Buddhists 24,392.

Climate

There is a meteorological observatory at Adilabad. The climate of the district is characterized by hot summer and in general dry except during the south-west monsoon season.

The rainfall in the district, in general increases from the south-west towards the north east. About 85% of annual rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon season. The normal Annual rainfall of the district is 1044.5 mm.

The cold weather commences towards the end of November. December is generally the coldest month, with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 29 C and the minimum daily is 15 C although temperatures below 10 C are recorded almost each winter.

The relative humidities are high generally during the south-west monsoon season. The air is generally dry during the rest of the year.

Agriculture::

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the district. The geographical area of the district is 4,004,035 acres (16,203.75 km2). The land used under different types is : forest land 42.8%, land put to non-agricultural uses 3.7% and Net agricultural area 35.4%.

The predominant Crop grown in the district is Jowar which accounts for 31.8% of the total cropped area. Paddy accounts for 10.8%, pulses and non-food crops for 34.7% of the total cropped area.

Adilabad ranks first in revenue generation from mineral deposits in Andhra Pradesh. It is well endowed with rich reserves of coal, iron ore, lime stone and clays.

Health services::

There are 9 hospitals under Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad in Adilabad district.[2] There is a district government hospital at Adilabad, two area hospitals at Mancherial and Bhainsa and seven community health centers at Asifabad, Bellampalle, Khanapur, Nirmal, Sirpur Chennoorand Utnoor. Moreover, a new government medical institute named Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS)has been constructed in the 53.5 Acres of land at government hospital, Adilabad in the year 2008.[3]

Industries

There are 15 large scale industries and 1904 small scale industries in the district and 203 other factories and workshops. There are 97 cotton ginning mills and 101 oil mills.

The major industries are:

The Singareni Collieries Co. Ltd, Bellampally

Coal Chemical Complex, Ramakrishnapur, near Mancherial

The Sirpur Paper Mills Ltd., Kagaznagar

Orient Cement Factory, Devapur

The Mancherial Cement Co. Ltd, Mancherial

Adilabad Cotton & Oil Mills, Adilabad

Uma Ginning Factory, Adilabad

Penganga Oils Ltd., Adilabad

Quality Spinning Mills, Bhainsa

The Adilabad Cotton Growers Coop.

The Nataraj Spinning and Weaving mill, Nirmal

The SirSilk Ltd., Kagaznagar [Now Defunct]

Annapurna Cement Ltd., Samela, Asifabad.

Sri Sai Venkat Oil Industries,Adilabad

Handicrafts & Artisans::

Toy making crafts Dhokra casting crafts are very popular in Adilabad District.

Nirmal for toy making & Ushagaon, Jamgaon & Keslaguda village of Jainoor & Kerameri mandal for Dhokra casting, as provided a natural location for the world famoys toys & Dhokra casting.

The artisans at Nirmal produced articles of artistic content and features reflecting the local life and environment. The present day trend is on making animals birds fruits and vegetable which is appearance look as real as the natural pieces.

The Dhokra casting artisans are living in this district since last 100 years and producting tribal ornaments zoomporphic figures in particulars horses, elephants either with or without rider, birds, animals bells and lamps.

The stimulate the growth of toys of Nirmal and Dhokra casting at Jamgaon & Ushagaon villages of Jainoor mandal.

The artisans was organised on co-operative lines with a view to make it

serve as an instalment for generating employment

to offer the public variety of artistic products

extend financial assistance and various common facilities and other benefits to promote production and marketing of products.

Administration

Adilabad district comprises 52 Mandals and 1743 villages. There are 7 Municipalities in the district.

The district is divided into 5 divisions:

Adilabad

Nirmal

Utnoor

Asifabad

Mancherial

Mandals of Adilabad district are:

Adilabad

Asifabad

Bazarhathnoor

Bejjur

Bellampalle

Bhainsa

Bheemini

Boath

Chennur

Dahegaon

Dandepalle

Dilawarpur

Gudihathnur

Ichoda

Inderavelly

Jainad

Jainoor

Jaipur

Jannaram

Kaddam Peddur

Kagaznagar

Kasipet

Kerameri

Khanapur

Kotapalle

Kouthala

Kubeer

Kuntala

Lakshettipet

Laxmanchanda

Lokeswaram

Mamda

Mancherial

Mandamarri

Mudhole

Narnoor

Nennal

Neradigonda

Nirmal

Rebbena

Sarangapur

Sirpur T

Sirpur U

Talamadugu

Tamsi

Tandur

Tanur

Tiryani

Utnoor

Vemanpalle

Wankdi.

The seven municipalites in the district are:

Adilabad

Mancherial

Bellampalli

Mandamarri

Nirmal

Bhainsa

Kagaznagar.